Cardio interns 2021-22 - Answers


Answer 001  

We can start - Diuretic (though many dont start with this) or ACEI / ARB or Calcium Blocker 

so we can start 

Enalapril - 5mg half bid or       Ramipril - 2.5mg OD or        Losartan - 50mg half bid or       Telmisartan  20mg OD, etc. 

or 

Amlodipine - 5mg OD 

after 1 week or 10 days, if BP doesnt come down below 160 /100 - we can increase dose 

enlapril to 5mg bid.    Ramipril to 5mg OD.    losartan - to 50mg bid.  telmi to 40mg OD. 

or 

amlodipine to 10mg od 

if still after one week no response - we can give 2 drugs 

to ACEI/ARB - we can add diuretic 

ramipril-H or losartan-H or telmisartan - H 
(H is usually hydrochlorthiazide 12.5mg) 

or add calcium blocker to the ACEI/ARB 


Answer 002 

HTN + angina  - Prefer - betablocker (metoprolol 12.5 to 25mg bid) or amlodipine 5mg OD if already on beta blocker 

HTN+ asthma - avoid beta blocker 

HTN + diabetes - prefer ACEI/ ARB. 

HTN + failure- diuretic + ACEI / ARB; 

HTN + renal failure - avoid - ACEI/ARB.     Prefer beta blocker / calcium blocker 

(amlodipine as above or usually it wont be very effective - especially 

Nifedipine Retard may help - 10mg BID - can increase to 20mg bid 


Answer 003

Anterior STEMI - 

in ICU ttmt would be 

Aspirin - 300mg loading /stat & later 150mg OD 

Clopidogrel - 300mg loading / stat dose & later 75mg OD 

Atorvastatin - 80mg stat & later OD 

Inj Morphine (we  are giving here Fentanyl 25 mcg) 

As window period is 8 hrs and pain present we can give STK or Tenecteplase 

we can start enlapril 2.5mg bid & metoprolol 12.5 mg bid if BP is ok and pt not in acute LVF 


Even if ECG is normal, because complaints are suggestive of angina, we will admit - with a provisional diagnosis of unstable angina and give initial treatment with antiplatelets, atorva and enoxaparin and repeat ECG every hour or SOS. and also send Trop T. and treat accordingly

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Answer 004

3-5mm (0.12 - 0.2 secs or 120-200 msecs) 

Answer 005

IV adenosine 6mg rapid iv bolus (if no h/o asthma) 

Answer 006

50-70% 

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